Wamakko biography definition

Abstract

Background

Malaria remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Africa. There is inadequate information regarding malaria transmission-intensity in some of the worst-affected parts of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The Malaria Atlas Project (MAP) was developed in 2006, to project estimates of malaria transmission intensity where this data is not available, based on the vector behaviour for malaria. Data from malariometric studies globally were obtained and modelled to provide prevalence estimates. The sensitivity of these maps, however, reduces with unavailability of data. This necessitates a validation of these maps locally, and investigation into alternative methods of predicting prevalence to guide malaria control interventions and improve their efficiency and effectiveness. This study was conducted to compare the true estimates in Sokoto, Nigeria, with the MAP projections for north-western Nigeria, and it proposes an alternative way of mapping malaria intensity in Nigeria and beyond.

Methods

A malariometric survey was conducted including children aged 2–10 years in communities in Wamakko Local Government Area (LGA) of Sokoto State, Nigeria. Children had blood examinations for the presence of malaria parasitaemia and a physical examination for the signs of clinical malaria. All the sites from which children were included in the study were geo-located using a hand-held Global Positioning System (GPS) device and compared this to MAP maps of the same area. A mapping software was also used to generate a malaria prevalence map of the study area, considering the average flight distances of the vector.

Results

The prevalence among children 2 to 10 years was found to be 34.8% which was within the 30–40% projected prevalence for the study area by MAPs. Howeve

. Aliyu Magatakarda Wamakko (amuru March 1, 1953) ka a hoputara na Gọvanọ nke Sokoto State, Nigeria n'April 2007, [1] na-anya anya People's Democratic Party (PDP).

ndabere

Aliyu Wamakko nke Sokoto State njide na 1 Maachị 1953 na Wamakko, Sokoto State.  Ọ pụta afọ ise (1968-1972) na ụmụaka ndị nkuzi Sokoto.  Mgbe ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ, ọ bụ ọrụ dịka onye nkuzi site na 1973-1977 tupu etinye ya na Mahadum Pittsburgh na United States .  Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na B.Sc.  n’August 1980. Ọ la ike na Naijiria, ọ na-emeri na Sokoto Teachers College.

Wamakko weere ọrụ dị ka onye isi nnyemaka ikike nke Zurmi Local Government Area (LGA), emesịa kwalite ya ka ọ bụrụ ike na-arụ ọrụ.  Ọ bụ ọrụ na Kaura Namoda LGA, ma bụrụ onye isi oche nke Sokoto LGA site na 1986-1987.  Ọ bụ General Manager, Hotel Management and Tourism Board, Sokoto.  Na Ma ọchịchị 1992, ewelitere ya ịbụ Director-General, Careers and Special Services, Ọfịs Gọvanọ, Sokoto na Ma ọchịchị 1992. A ule ya osote Gọvanọ steeti Sokoto ka ọ bụrụ Gọvanọ Attahiru Bafarawa n'afọ 1999, n'elu ikpo okwu nke All Nigeria  Ndị otu Peoples Party (ANPP).  A nchọpụta ya ụzo osote Gọvanọ maka oge nke abụọ na ngosi 2003. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka osote Gọvanọ Sokoto State na 15 Ma ọchịchị 2006

. Wamakko gbara ọsọ n'ihu maka Gọvanọ Sokoto State n'April 2007 n'elu ikpo okwu Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), wee weghara ɔkwa na 29 Mee 2007. [1] Ka e akara, a kagburu elu aka ya n'April  2008 n'ihi na ọ ka bụ onye òtù All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) mgbe ọ meri nhọpụta PDP.  [2] Abdullahi Balarabe Salame bụ onye nna onye na-achịkọta Gọvanọ (11 mmụọ - 28 Mee 2008) ebe e mere nhazi ọzọ.  [3] Ekwuru na nchepụta nke ukwuu n'etiti Wamakko na Muhammadu Maigari Dingyadi nke DPP, dị ka n'etiti Wamakko na onye bu ya ụzọ Attahiru Bafarawa, onye akwụkwọ DPP.

Conflict between gangs and the Nigerian government

The bandit conflict in northwest Nigeria is an ongoing conflict between the country's federal government and various gangs and ethnic militias. Starting in 2011, the insecurity remaining from the conflict between the Fulani and Hausa ethnic groups quickly allowed other criminal and jihadist elements to form in the region.

Origins

The origins of the bandit conflict can be traced back to herder–farmer conflicts that plague Nigeria. Environmental decline and the scarcity of water and arable land led to communities competing viciously for those limited resources. Unemployment, large-scale poverty, and weak local government have allowed for a steady stream of desperate people turning to criminal activity to earn a living. Large forested areas allow for concealment and the formation of camps deep in the forest. Unequipped police and military personnel are unable to reach these areas.

Escalation

Continued insecurity, desertification and possible jihadist influence have allowed for a rise in attacks to take place. Large-scale weapons smuggling has allowed criminal gangs access to heavy weapons, increasing the deadliness of attacks which has affected the lives and loss of property worth billions of dollars, and the presence of these groups has driven away foreign investment. Underequipped local and federal forces, coupled with the harsh terrain, make offensive actions into the forest dangerous and susceptible to ambushes and attacks. Continued government inability to effectively deal with the problem has allowed the insecurity to spread and grow in ferocity.

Kidnapping

Bandits in Nigeria have been known to ride into villages on motorcycles to loot and kidnap the inhabitants, killing anyone who resists. Kidnapping is a very profitable venture in northwest Nigeria. Between 2011 and 2020, Nigerians paid at least 18 billion naira to free family members and